The+Clones+(Against+Human+Cloning)

History of Cloning." __thinkquest.org__. 4/3/09. 3 Apr 2009 . 1. Cloning has been going on in the natural world for thousands of years. MY 2. Identical twins are considered to be clones, sharing the same DNA. MY 3. The ability to create a clone at the cellular level is a recent development. MY 4. The first cloned animals were created by Hans Dreisch in the late 1800's. MY 5. Han's goal was to prove that genetic material is not lost during cloning. MY 6. Han's experiments involved sea urchins. MY 7. "Fantastical Experiment"- Taking the nucleus out of a from embryo and used it to replace the nucleus of an unfertilized frog egg. MY 8. This process is called "nuclear transplant" MY 9. In 1986, two seperate teams from opposite sides of the Atlantic, cloned a sheep and a cow. MY 10. Dolly, a cloned lamb, was born in 1996. MY 11. Dolly was cloned from a frozen cell, which came from another adult sheep. MY 12. It took 277 tries to create Dolly. MY 13. In 1997, the Honolulu Technique created Cumulina, a cloned mouse. MY 14. Tradition nuclear transfer was used to create Cumulina. MY 15. By the end of 1998, fifty mice were created by the Honolulu Technique. MY 16. A couple payed $2.3 million dollars to have thier dog cloned. MY 17. This was the first time a dog had been cloned, due to the fact that their reproductive system is so complicated. MY 18. Reliable cloning can be used in farming to replicate the best animals. MY 19. It can make medical testing more accurate to see if several patients react the same way to a drug. MY 20. Allows mass production of genetically altered animals, plants, and bacteria. MY

"Cloning Fact Sheet." __genomics.energy.gov__. 9/16/08. 3 Apr 2009 . 1. Recombinant DNA cloning/ DNA cloning. IG 2. Reproductive cloning. IG 3.Theraputic cloning. IG 4. Scientists use plasmids to create multiple copies of that same gene. IG 5. Plasmids are self-replicating extra-chromosonal DNA molecules, different than normal bacteria. IG 6. Plasmids are used when scientists study a particular gene that they are going to clone. IG 7. To clone a gene a DNA fragment containing a specific gene is isolated from chromosomal DNA using restriction enzymes. IG 8. The gene is combined with a plasmid that has been combined with the same enzymes. IG 9. This process is duplicated many times with different molecules from DNA strands until the finished cloned product is achieved. IG 10. In 2001, scientists from Advanced Cell Technologies announced that they had cloned the first human embryo. IG 11. Recombinant DNA technology is used to learn about other related technologies, such as Gene Therapy. IG 12. Gene therapy is used to treat certain genetic conditions. IG 13. Reproductive cloning can be used to repopulate endagered species. IG 14. The first cloned of an endagered animal, a wild ox, was born in 2001. IG 15.Tadpoles, sheeps, goats, cows, mice pigs, cats, rabbits, and an ox have been cloned. IG 16. Cloning could be used for organ duplication in the future, but it would have to involve stem cell research, creating further controvercies. IG 17. Organ duplication would signifigantly reduce organ donation. IG 18. Many challenges must be overcome before cloned organ transplants become reality. IG 19. Reproductive cloning is expensive. IG 20. Reproductive cloning is also highly inefficient. IG 21. More than 90% of cloning attempts fail to create viable offspring. IG 22. Cloned animals tend to have more compromise immune functions. IG 23. Genomes of clones mice are compromised, causeing their genes to function abnormally. IG

Tamang, Sonam. "CLONING CONTROVESIAL SCIENCE." 3 Apr 2009 . 1. Cloning is one of those things that has and will probably not have a final end to it. MY 2. There are 3 different ways to clone mammals. MY 3. they can be cloned sither through the Twinning method the Roslin Technique or the Honolulu technique. MY 4. The twinning method is the splitting of a cell from the embryo. MY 5. the roslin technique als o know as nuclear transfer is taking the nucleus out of a cell and putting in an unfertalized egg this is how dolly was made. MY 6.The third technique is the honolulu method MY 7. theis maethod was devloped recently and is said to be most effective MY 8. This method requiers 3 cellsMY 9. One of the main advantages to cloneing is beingable to create cloned organs people need MY 10. Cloned organs wont be rejected by the body because they have the persons marker proteins MY 11. The madical comunity welcomes the idea that cloning could cure many diseases MY 12. Cloning could allow infertile or sterile parents to have kids MY 13. The amin problem with clones is the weak immune system and short life span MY 14. only one out of the other 227 attempts was able to produce dolly MY 15. The main problem with attempting human cloning is inbreeding and diseases MY 16. Also there would be a lot of abnomalitys leading ultimatly to death MY 17. There are also many moral and ethical problems with cloning MY 18. many people think the idea of recreating somthing that has die as being horriffic MY 19.They feel that we are "Playing God" by fighting nature MY 20. Many people on both sides think that the human race isnt ready for human clones MY

blaze, johnny. __just another human cloning__. june,21,2005 echeat. april,6,2009 . 1.cloning devalues people by depriving them of their uniqueness and that a ban should be implemented upon it..BB 2. couples who are infertile might choose to clone onte of the partners instead of using sperm, eggs, or embryo's from an anonymous donors.BB 3.in conventional in vitro fertilazation doctors attempt to start with many ova fertilize each with sperm and implant all of them in the womans womb in the hope that one will result in pregnancy.BB 4.the cnahce of those women becoming pregnant would be much greater if 8 zygotes were implanted.BB 5.parents who are known to be at risk of passing a genetic disease choose weather to risk the birth of an affected child.BB 6.a clone would not be a real human. but a clone would have exactly the same status that an identical twin already does.BB 7.a child born from an adult DNA cloning from his father would be, in affect, a delayed twin of one of his parentsBB 8.parents who choose their childs genome through somatic cell cloning will view the as a commodity or an object to serve their own ends.BB 9.cloning humans may lead to emotional difficulties.BB 10.this clone would lack individuality and the freedom to creat his or her own expectations.BB 11.it will be many years before rather decades before anybody sees a human clone.BB 12.although the human cloning poses many threats to be society and in generalmankind it is unreasonable to expect such experimentation can be or will be completely banned because of increased curiosity and societal needs.BB 13.there are many adverse physical and psychological effects as well as ethical issues relating to human cloning or therapeutic cloning. the couples that will opt for cloning will be affected psychologically.BB 14.a fertilized ovum could be cloned and the duplicate tested for the disease or disorder.BB 15.bone marrow can be harvested from a person without injuring them during cloning.BB 16.cloning can be highly dangerous.BB 17.cloning humans could be used for stuff like implanting parts in a woman and allowing her to develop a normal baby.BB 18.cloning devalues people by depriving them of their uniqueness and that a ban should be implemented upon it.BB 19.cloning is the process of replication of organism in order to reproduce favorable or remove undesirable traits from the product(clone).BB 20.there are several benefits and dangers of cloning of human genes.BB

__How to clone a human__. The Biofact report. 4/6/09 . 1.Grow human cells to be cloned untill you have a pretty good suply.AB 2.Transfer the celss to minimal media, it should allow the cells to live, but they should stop dividing and enter quiescence(this is the step in which cells lose ther differentiation and revert to a more totipotent state.AB 3.When the cultured cells are in the quiescent state,get and unferilized human egg cell. Remove the nucleus from this egg cel. Try to minimize damage done to this cell and discard the nucleus.AB 4.Take one of the quiescent cells in its entirely, and implant it inside the coat around the egg . the zona pellucida next to the egg itself.AB 5.electochock the egg, the electroshock induces the fusion of the two cells, so you should be able to tell when you have electroshocked enough just by looking at the cells.AB 6.Repeat the last three steps as necessary untill you have nough clones. Except a lot of them not to survive because of cellular damage and other mishap. Allow the embryos to grow and divide a few times in human egg cell growth media.AB 7.Implant the embryos in hjman mothers where they can be carried to term, and born normally.AB 8.Maryland prohibits reproductive cloning.AB 9.Maryland prohibits donation of oocytes for state state-funded stem cell research but specificies that the law should not be construed to prohibit therapeutic cloning.AB 10.Maryland prohibits purchace,sale,transfer or obtaining unused material created for in vitro fertilization that is donated to research.AB 11.Maryland prohibits giving valuable consideration to another person to encourage the creation of in vitro fertilization materials solely for the purpose of research.AB 12.The punishment is up to three years in prison or a maximum fine of 50,000 or both.AB 13.Human tissue- Pure human cells of one tissue type, from the individual who will be cloned.AB 14.Human Tissue Culture Media- Media in which these human cells will grow and divide.AB 15.Minimal Human Tissue Culture Media- Media in which cells will stop dividing, and enter a state of "quiescene" without dieing.AB 16.Laboratory supplies- Incubator, sterile hood, petri dishes, microscopes, and tools capable of removing and implanting cellular organelles,such as the nucleus, from one cell to another.AB 17.Unfertilized human egg cells.AB 18.Human Egg Cell growth media-Media where fertilized eggs will grow and divide. AB 19. The procedure is based on upon the sheep cloning procedure AB 20.The mouse cloning procedure seems to have work better. AB